Glossary
Worker bees that specialize in collecting water for the colony. Water foragers make up a small percentage of the foraging workforce but perform a critical function: the water they collect is used for evaporative cooling of the hive during hot weather, diluting stored honey to feed larvae, and processing pollen into bee bread.
Water foragers collect water by filling their honey stomach (crop) at a water source and returning to the hive, where they pass the water to house bees through trophallaxis (mouth-to-mouth transfer). House bees then spread the water on comb surfaces and fan it with their wings, creating evaporative cooling that can reduce hive temperature by 10 degrees Fahrenheit or more.
The number of water foragers is dynamically regulated by colony need. On hot days, hundreds of bees may be dedicated to water collection. On cool days, almost none. This dynamic allocation is coordinated through the speed at which returning water foragers are unloaded: fast unloading signals high demand, encouraging more trips.
Beekeepers should provide a reliable water source within 200 feet of the apiary. Bees prefer slightly mineral-rich or chlorinated water (which they find using scent) over distilled or clean water. A shallow pan with rocks or floating corks (so bees have landing spots and do not drown) is an effective water station.
Without a convenient water source, bees will find their own: swimming pools, pet water bowls, bird baths, and dripping faucets are common targets. This can create conflicts with neighbors. Providing an attractive, reliable water source near the hive prevents bees from seeking water in inconvenient locations.
During hot summer weather, a colony can consume 1-2 quarts of water per day for evaporative cooling. In moderate temperatures, water consumption drops to a few ounces. Water usage increases dramatically during heat waves, which is when convenient water sources are most important.
Yes. Bees actually prefer slightly chlorinated tap water because the chlorine scent helps them locate the source. Muddy puddle water and mineral-rich water are also preferred over clean, odorless water. You can add a pinch of salt per gallon to make a water station more attractive.
Bees are attracted to chlorinated pool water because the chlorine provides a scent beacon and the minerals provide nutrients. To redirect bees, establish an alternative water source (with a small amount of chlorine or salt) closer to the hive before pool season begins.
Keep Learning
Browse hundreds of terms covering honey, beekeeping, and natural skincare.